Starting a Business in Maryland: 13-Step Guide

Maryland is one of the original 13 colonies and the birthplace of the national anthem, which means it’s a crucial part of American history. It’s further famous for baseball, beaches, and blue crabs! But, beyond this, Maryland is a state that offers excellent business opportunities, especially for entrepreneurs.

Maryland has a strong economy bolstered by aerospace, defense, and technology. CNBC ranks Maryland as the 12th best state for business, highlighting its innovation, strong workforce, and access to capital. However, the cost of doing business in Maryland is high.

Still, an entrepreneur with a good idea and carefully executed plan can be successful anywhere, and Maryland offers a wealth of opportunity. This step-by-step guide lays out exactly how to start a business in Maryland and put yourself on the road to success.

Maryland Business Profile Overview

• Number of Small Businesses – As of 2021, there were 618,214 small businesses in Maryland((https://cdn.advocacy.sba.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/30142529/Small-Business-Economic-Profile-MD.pdf)).
• Number of Small Business Employees – Small businesses in Maryland employed 1.2 million workers.
• Economy Growth Rate – The Maryland economic growth rate from 2020 to 2021((https://www.statista.com/statistics/590100/maryland-gdp-growth/)) in terms of real GDP was 4.6%
• Median Income – The median income for individuals self-employed at their own incorporated businesses was $56,474 in 2017((https://cdn.advocacy.sba.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/23142650/2019-Small-Business-Profiles-MD.pdf)). For individuals self-employed at their own unincorporated firms, this figure was $26,506.

Biggest Industries in Maryland

By 2022 revenue((https://www.ibisworld.com/united-states/economic-profiles/maryland/))

• IT Consulting -$29.1b
• New Car Dealers – $24.1b
• Hospitals – $22.5b
• Public Schools – $21.3b
• Drug, Cosmetic & Toiletry Wholesaling – $20.5b

Step 1: Choose a Business Idea to Start in Maryland

The crucial first question is, what sort of business would you like to run? You may have several ideas in your head, or maybe you haven’t gotten that far. Either way, it’s wise to look closely at the state itself and at your own abilities to best determine which areas might offer the most opportunity. 

To develop a business idea, you could:

1. Look for market gaps or problems that need solving. Maybe your neighborhood lacks a good cafe, or the state’s farm industry needs modernization.  
2. Follow your passion. What do you love? What are you great at? 
3. Look at what’s trending in Maryland and which industries are key to its economy. Maryland has a strong aerospace and defense industry, housing NASA and other major defense contractors. There is also a strong military industry in Maryland in addition to key industries like biosciences and health, life sciences, IT, cybersecurity, advanced manufacturing, and financial services. 

Once you have a few ideas in mind, do some homework to decide if your ideas are feasible. Here are some things to consider when choosing a business idea:

• Capital requirements – How much will you need? Do you have access to funds?
• Time requirements – How long will it take for you to start selling?
• Industry trends –  Is the industry growing or shrinking? 
• Profit potential – How much money can you realistically make?
• Lifestyle factors – Running a business is hard work. Are you ready?

Step 2: Hone Your Idea

Once you’ve chosen a business idea, get more specific in your evaluation of the opportunity. Consider the why, what, how, and who.

Why? Identify an Opportunity

First, consider the viability of the business idea you have in mind. Here are three questions to consider:

• Is there an opportunity in the market?
• Will your idea provide value to customers? 
• Will people want to buy it? 

Starting a business requires investment, so it’s unwise to just assume profitability. Make it a point to conduct research and ask people you know and trust what they think of your idea.

What? Determine Your Products or Services

The next thing to do is define your offerings. Ask yourself:

• Which products or services will I sell?
• How will I offer them: website, physical store/office, or both? 

You may consider offering related products or services to increase purchase sizes and boost overall value for customers. This step is going to define how your business will look to customers and why they will buy, so take your time and be sure. 

How Much Should You Charge? 

Before determining your price list, get to know your competitors. Visit the shops and websites of companies that offer similar products or services — see what they’re selling and at what prices and use this to inform your decisions. 

If you have a direct competitor, it’s a good idea to choose a competitive price point. Run the numbers to find your break-even price, then use this Step By Step profit margin calculator to determine your mark-up and final price point.   

You’ll also need to consider how to position your product. Are you going to offer a lower-priced alternative, a la Walmart, or are you going to position your business as more high-end, like a Pottery Barn or Restoration Hardware? 

Once you’ve locked on a pricing system that works for you, you’ll need to test it to see if this is attractive to your target market.

Who? Identify Your Target Market

Knowing your target market is crucial to successful sales and marketing. This is where customer profiling comes in handy.

The first thing to do is figure out whether you’re selling to consumers or businesses. If you choose consumers, determine which people are most likely to buy, by looking at:

• Demographics – Age, gender, income, location
• Psychographics – Attitudes, values, interests, tastes

Knowing your customers will allow you to shape your messaging and know where to place your marketing. For example, based on who your customers are and what they like, are they more likely to be on Facebook or TikTok?

If you are selling to businesses, first determine what kinds of firms will be interested in what you’re offering. Next, figure out the relevant decision-maker within these companies — it may be a VP, IT manager, or head of sales — and adjust your marketing accordingly.

Step 3: Choose a Business Name

Your business name is your business identity, so choose one that encapsulates your objectives, services, and mission in just a few words. You probably want a name that’s short and easy to remember. 

Here are some ideas for brainstorming your business name:

• Short, unique, and catchy names tend to stand out
• Names that are easy to say and spell tend to do better 
• The name should be relevant to your product or service offerings
• Ask around — family, friends, colleagues, social media — for suggestions
• Including keywords in the name, such as “meats” for a butcher, boosts SEO
• Choose a name that allows for expansion: “Jim’s Bakery” over “Jim’s Cookies”
• Avoid location-based names that might hinder future expansion
• Use online tools like the Step by Step business name generator

Once you have a few potential names, check the Maryland business entity search database to see if the name is available to register in the state. You should also confirm that the name you want to register conforms to state regulations on business names. 

It’s also a good idea to check for nationally trademarked names, to ward off any potential problems later if your business expands, and check the availability of related domain names using Domain Name Checker tool. Using “.com” or “.org” sharply increases credibility, so it’s best to focus on these. 

Once you’ve found a name that clears these hurdles, go ahead and register at this Name Reservation Request form for Maryland. This allows you to hold a name for 30 days while filing official paperwork. There is a $25 fee to include with the application, both of which can be mailed to or dropped off at the Maryland State Department of Assessments and Taxation.

Step 4: Create a Business Plan

Drawing up a business plan may seem like a daunting task, but it’s an essential step in creating a successful business. The plan will function as a trail map to guide your startup through the launch process and maintain focus on your key goals. A business plan also enables potential partners and investors to better understand your company and its vision.

• Executive Summary: Brief overview of the entire business plan; should be written after the plan is complete.
• Business Overview: Overview of the company, vision, mission, ownership, and corporate goals.
• Product and Services: Describe your offerings in detail.
• Market Analysis: Assess market trends such as variations in demand and prospects for growth, and do a SWOT analysis.
• Competitive Analysis: Analyze main competitors, assessing their strengths and weaknesses, and create a list of the advantages of your services.
• Sales and Marketing: Examine your companies’ unique selling propositions (USPs) and develop sales, marketing, and promotional strategies.
• Management Team: Overview of the management team, detailing their roles and professional background, along with a corporate hierarchy.
• Operations Plan: Your company’s operational plan includes procurement, office location, key assets and equipment, and other logistical details.
• Financial Plan: Three years of financial planning, including startup costs, break-even analysis, profit and loss estimates, cash flow, and balance sheet.
• Appendix: Include any additional financial or business-related documents.

Step 5: Register Your Business with the Maryland Department of Assessments and Taxation

Choosing your business location is an important decision because it can affect your taxes, legal requirements, and revenue. But you’ve already decided to launch your business in Maryland, so we can check that box. Business name registration can be done via the Maryland online business portal.

Other than filing for a federal tax ID, most businesses do not need to register with the federal government to become a legal entity. In Maryland, upon approval of your business name, the Department of Assessments and Taxation will provide an SDAT identification number. This is separate from the federal Employer Identification Number for tax purposes, which is explained later in this guide.

Choose your business structure

Businesses come in several varieties, each with its pros and cons. The legal structure you choose for your business shapes your taxes, personal liability, and business registration requirements, so it’s important to choose wisely. 

The most popular business entity types are outlined below.

Sole Proprietorship

Sole proprietorship is the most simple and straightforward structure, and therefore the most common for small businesses. It is an unincorporated business, with no legal distinction made between the business and the owner. As a sole proprietor, all income goes to you, but you are also liable for any debts, losses, or liabilities incurred by the business. 

In Maryland, a sole proprietorship will still require an SDAT ID to open a business account.

Here are some resources:

• Application for a Sole Proprietorship/General Partnership in Maryland.
• Online portal to file in Maryland.

General Partnership

General partnership is similar to sole proprietorship, but with two or more people forming the company. Again, they keep the pre-tax profits but are jointly liable for any losses or liabilities. In a general partnership, each partner is known as a general partner and has unlimited liability. 

Here are some resources:

• Application for a Sole Proprietorship/General Partnership in Maryland.
• Online portal to file in Maryland.

Limited Liability Partnership (LLP)

This business structure is popular with lawyers, accountants, and architects. It is more formal than a general partnership and allows each partner to limit their liabilities and share management responsibilities according to an agreement between the partners. This can be a good choice when one or more partners want to invest in the business but have little or no management responsibility. 

Here are some resources:

• Application to Register a Limited Liability Partnership (LLP) for forming an LLP in Maryland. The form can be mailed or dropped off in person at the State Department of Assessments and Taxation.

There is a $100 filing fee to register an LLP in Maryland.

Corporation

The next step up is a corporation, in which the company is a separate legal entity from its owners. In this structure, the owners are not personally liable for losses, but take their profits through shareholder dividends.

If you choose to create a corporation in Maryland, you will also need to decide whether you want to form a C corporation or an S corporation. An S Corporation requires shareholder agreement to create it and adheres to special taxation requirements under the IRS.

There are also different forms to start a close corporation and a stock corporation in Maryland. A close corporation is owned by a small group of select people, whereas a stock corporation is open for sale on the public stock market.

Here are some resources:

• Articles of Incorporation for forming a close corporation in Maryland.
• Articles of Incorporation for forming a stock corporation in Maryland.
• Online portal to file in Maryland.

There is a $120 filing fee to file your Articles of Incorporation with the Maryland State Department of Assessments and Taxation.

Limited Liability Company (LLC)

A limited liability company (LLC) combines characteristics of corporations with those of sole proprietorships. As the name suggests, the owners are not personally responsible for liabilities or debts. As an LLC, you’ll need to choose whether you want to be taxed as an LLC or as an S Corp. 

Although LLCs are more straightforward to set up than a corporation, Articles of Organization must be filed with the state for the LLC to become a legal entity.

Here are some resources:

• Articles of Organization for forming an LLC in Maryland.
• Online portal to file in Maryland

There is a $120 filing fee to file your Articles of Organization with the Maryland Department of Assessments and Taxation.

You will also need to appoint a Maryland resident agent. Your resident agent will be responsible for receiving paperwork from the state. 

An easy and quick way to form an LLC in Maryland is to use ZenBusiness’s online LLC formation service.

Nonprofit

Finally, you may be interested in a nonprofit if your business idea has a social purpose. A non-profit organization is a legal entity organized and operated for a public or social benefit, as opposed to a business formed to generate a profit for its owners.You will also need to appoint a resident agent, also known as an agent for the service of the process. Your Maryland resident agent will be responsible for receiving all of the official paperwork sent from the state.

Here are some resources:

• Initial Registration Instructions and Form for starting a charitable organization.
• Articles of Incorporation for a tax-exempt nonstock corporation in Maryland (non-profit organization).
• Articles of Incorporation for a religious corporation in Maryland.
• Online portal to file for a religious or non-profit organization.

There is a registration fee between $0-300, depending on the size of the organization and the number of charitable contributions. If you are starting a religious corporation, there is a $120 fee. There is a total fee of $170 for a non-profit organization.

Step 6: Register for Taxes

The final step before you’re able to pay taxes is getting a Maryland Employer Identification Number or EIN. You can file for your EIN online or by mail or fax: visit the IRS website to learn more. Keep in mind, if you’ve chosen to be a sole proprietorship you can simply use your social security number as your EIN. 

Once you have your EIN, you’ll need to choose your tax year. Financially speaking, your business operations will occur over the period of a calendar year (January–December) or a fiscal year, a 12-month period that can start in any month. This will determine your tax cycle, while your business structure will determine which taxes you’ll pay.

It is important to consult an accountant or other professional to help you with your taxes to ensure you are completing them correctly.

The Maryland Office of the Comptroller’s website has updated information for business taxpayers, including information about tax rates and how to file. Tax rates vary based on the type of organization it is as well as specialized taxes depending on the industry.

Step 7: Fund Your Business

After creating your business plan, you should know how much money you’ll need to launch your business. Securing financing is your next step and there are plenty of ways to raise capital:

• Bank loans: This is the most common method, but getting approved requires a rock-solid business plan and strong credit history.
• SBA-guaranteed loans: The Small Business Administration can act as guarantor, helping gain that elusive bank approval via an SBA-guaranteed loan.
• The Maryland Government has a number of different funding programs, including benefits for small, minority, veteran, and women-owned businesses. They also offer funding for technology development initiatives. There is an online database of Maryland Financial Incentives for Businesses with a variety of opportunities in different industries. 
• Government grants: A handful of financial assistance programs help fund entrepreneurs. Visit Grants.gov to learn which might work for you.
• Venture capital: Offer potential investors an ownership stake in exchange for funds, keeping in mind that you would be sacrificing some control over your business.
• Crowdfunding: Websites like Kickstarter and Indiegogo offer an increasingly popular low-risk option, in which donors fund your vision. Entrepreneurial crowdfunding sites like Fundable and WeFunder enable multiple investors to fund your business.
• Personal: Self-fund your business via your savings, the sale of property or other assets, and support from family and friends.

Step 8: Apply for Maryland Business Licenses/Permits

You may need certain business licenses and permits to comply with Maryland law. These vary based on location, but if you’re selling tangible goods, you’ll need a seller’s permit.

Here are some resources:

• SBA information on federal licenses and permits
• Maryland’s OneStop Portal for all Maryland licenses, permits, and certificates.

Your city, town, or county may also have additional requirements, such as signage and zoning permits. Speak to representatives of your local governments about licensing requirements.

If you feel overwhelmed by this step or don’t know how to begin, it might be a good idea to hire a professional to help you check all the legal boxes. You might consider a license compliance package from a filing firm such as MyCorporation or MyCompanyWorks, or hire an attorney via Avvo or FindLaw.

More resources:

• How to Get a Resale Certificate in Maryland
• Maryland Sales Tax Calculator

Step 9: Open a Business Bank Account

Before you launch your business you’ll need somewhere to put the money you make, and that requires opening a bank account.

Keeping your business finances separate from your personal account makes it easy to file taxes and track your company’s income, so it’s worth doing even if you run your business as a sole proprietorship. Opening a business bank account is quite simple, and similar to opening a personal one. Most major banks offer business account options, just inquire at your preferred bank to learn about rates and features.

Banks vary in terms of offerings, so it’s a good idea to consider your options to choose the best plan that works for you. Once you choose your bank, you’ll need to bring your EIN (or Social Security Number if you decide on a sole proprietorship), articles of incorporation, and any other legal documentation that proves your business is registered.

Step 10: Get Insurance

Business insurance is an area that often gets overlooked yet it can be vital to your success. Insurance protects you from unexpected events that can have a devastating impact on your business.

Here are some of the different types of insurance to consider:

• General liability: The most comprehensive type of insurance, acting as a catch-all for many business elements that require coverage. If you get just one kind of insurance, this is it. It even protects against bodily injury and property damage.
• Business Property: Provides coverage for your equipment and supplies.
• Equipment Breakdown Insurance: Covers the cost of replacing or repairing equipment that has broken due to mechanical issues.
• Worker’s compensation: Provides compensation to employees injured on the job.
• Property: Covers your physical space, whether it is a cart, storefront, or office.
• Commercial auto: Protection for your company-owned vehicle.
• Professional liability: Protects against claims from a client who says they suffered a loss due to an error or omission in your work.
• Business owner’s policy (BOP): This is an insurance plan that acts as an all-in-one insurance policy, a combination of any of the above insurance types.

Step 11: Prepare to Launch

As opening day nears, prepare for launch by reviewing and improving some key elements of your business. 

Essential software and tools

New businesses need to have the right tools and industry-specific software in place to help them manage their operations effectively.

One of the most important tools for a new business is an inventory management system, which allows them to track their inventory levels, monitor sales, and reorder products when necessary.

Another essential tool is a customer relationship management (CRM) system, which helps businesses manage their interactions with customers and prospects, and track sales leads.

Other useful software for new businesses might include payroll software, project management tools, and marketing automation software. By investing in the right tools and software, new businesses can streamline their operations, save time and money, and ultimately increase their chances of success.

Accounting

• Popular web-based accounting programs for smaller businesses include Quickbooks, Freshbooks, and Xero. 
• If you are unfamiliar with basic accounting, you may want to hire a professional, especially as you begin. The consequences for filing incorrect tax documents can be harsh, so accuracy is crucial. 

Develop your website 

Website development is crucial because your site is your online presence and needs to convince prospective clients of your expertise and professionalism.

You can create your own website using services like WordPress, Wix, or Squarespace. This route is very affordable, but figuring out how to build a website can be time-consuming. If you lack tech-savvy, you can hire a web designer or developer to create a custom website for your business.

They are unlikely to find your website, however, unless you follow Search Engine Optimization (SEO) practices. These are steps that help pages rank higher in the results of top search engines like Google.

Online Marketing

Online marketing is crucial for new businesses as it provides a cost-effective way to reach a wider audience and build brand awareness. With a well-planned online marketing strategy, new businesses can establish their presence, attract potential customers, and compete with established players in their industry.

Here are some powerful digital marketing strategies for small businesses:

• Social media is a great tool for promoting your business because you can create engaging posts that advertise your products:
  • Facebook: Great platform for paid advertising, allows you to target specific demographics, like men under age 50 in the Baltimore area. 
  • Instagram: Same benefits as Facebook but with different target audiences. It’s a very good platform for creative businesses. 
  • TikTok: This social media platform has over 1 billion monthly active users and it is used primarily by a younger demographic.
  • LinkedIn: the most effective place for B2B marketers.
• Google and Yelp: For businesses that rely on local clientele, getting listed on Yelp and Google My Business can be crucial to generating awareness and customers.
• Email marketing/newsletter – Send regular emails to customers and prospects. Make them personal. 
• Start a blog – Start a blog and post regularly. Change up your content and share on multiple sites.
• Paid ads on social media – Choose sites that will reach your target market and do targeted ads.
• Pay–per-click marketing – Use Google AdWords to perform better in searches. Research your keywords first.
• Influencer marketing – Pay people with large social media followings to promote your product/service. You can find micro-influencers with smaller followings and lower rates.
• Make a podcast – This allows you to make a personal connection with your customers.
• Offer a free download – Offer something of value to download from your website to capture emails.
• Create infographics – Post infographics and include them in your content.
• Post a video – Post a video about your product/service. Use humor and maybe it will go viral!
• Do a webinar – Share your expertise online with a video seminar.

Take advantage of your website, social media presence and real-life activities to increase awareness of your offerings and build your brand. 

Traditional Marketing

Traditional marketing is any form of marketing that uses offline media to reach an audience. Some options include:

• Competitions and giveaways – Generate interest by offering prizes for customers who complete a certain action.
• Signage – Put up eye-catching signage at your store and website.
• Flyering – Distribute flyers in your neighborhood and at industry events.
• In-Person Sales – Offer your product at local markets, trade shows.
• Cold calling – Close more sales with less stress.
• Sponsor events – You can pay to be a sponsor at events that are relevant to your target market.
• Limited edition – Offer a one-time version of your product of service.
• Seek out referrals – Offer incentives to generate customer referrals to new clients. 
• Press releases – Do press releases about new products, sales, etc.
• Billboards – Repeat exposure to a business message.
• Testimonials – Share customer testimonials about how your product or service has helped them.

Step 12: Build Your Team

As your business grows, you will likely need workers to fill various roles and positions. But before you begin the hiring process, you should first consider the essential positions for your line of work. 

What levels of management and employees will you have? What is your pay scale? Costs are always an issue for a startup, but you need to make sure that you pay enough to hire people with the right skills and experience.

It’s a good idea to create a hiring plan. First, determine which hires you’ll need to launch, then the future hires you’ll need as the business gets going. Be cautious and selective when hiring people for any role.

In Maryland, you need to report all new hires to the state’s Directory of New Hires.

Free-of-charge methods to recruit employees include publishing a job ad on LinkedIn, Facebook or Jobs.com. You might also use a premium recruitment option, such as advertising on Indeed, Glassdoor, or ZipRecruiter. Finally, you could hire a recruitment agency to help you find talent.

Step 13: Start Making Money

With everything in place, you’re now ready to throw open the doors on opening day! When you do, you’ll want some customers coming in. Here’s how to find them.

Focus on Your USPs

Make sure to highlight the unique selling propositions, or USPs, of your products and services. Customers may already want your offerings, so your job is to convince them to pick you over your competitors.

Here are some good selling points that you can capitalize on:

• High-quality materials 
• Top value items, competitively priced
• Easy to use 
• Convenient and time-saving 
• Ideal for your target market

Understand Your Sales Channels

Make sure that you are selling through the right channels. You know your target customers by now – where and how are they most likely to buy? Do they buy online or in stores? 

If you don’t have a store, you can find partner stores where your products can be sold. You can sell both online and directly but focus your efforts on the channel that matches your target market’s buying behavior.

If you’re selling to businesses, your sales channels may be online or they may involve direct sales calls. Again, understand the buying behavior of the decision-maker within the business.

Grow with Marketing

Help clients find you more easily by placing your marketing where they are likely to find it. With the right marketing strategies in place, a business can reach new audiences, build brand awareness, and ultimately grow its customer base and revenue.

Effective marketing can help businesses differentiate themselves from competitors, establish a strong online presence, and engage with customers through various channels such as social media, email marketing, and advertising.

By investing in the right marketing tactics and continually analyzing and optimizing their efforts, businesses can position themselves for long-term growth and success.

You’re now ready to start your successful business in Maryland, but you might want to bookmark this page, just in case.