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Written by: Carolyn Young
Carolyn Young is a business writer who focuses on entrepreneurial concepts and the business formation. She has over 25 years of experience in business roles, and has authored several entrepreneurship textbooks.
Edited by: David Lepeska
David has been writing and learning about business, finance and globalization for a quarter-century, starting with a small New York consulting firm in the 1990s.
Published on June 23, 2023
Investment range
$275,800 - $422,300
Revenue potential
$312,000 - $624,000 p.a.
Time to build
6 – 12 months
Profit potential
$93,000 - $186,000 p.a.
Industry trend
Growing
Commitment
Full-time
Essential points to keep in mind for a successful mini golf course:
Trends
Challenges
Startup costs for a mini golf course range from $275,000 to $420,000 or more depending on the extent of the facilities. The largest cost is of course the construction of the course and facilities.
You’ll need a handful of items to successfully launch your mini golf course business, including:
| Start-up Costs | Ballpark Range | Average |
|---|---|---|
| Setting up a business name and corporation | $100 - $500 | $300 |
| Business licenses and permits | $100 - $300 | $200 |
| Insurance | $100-$500 | $300 |
| Website | $500 - $1,000 | $750 |
| Land | $30,000 - $50,000 | $40,000 |
| Construction of course and facilitites | $200,000 - $300,000 | $250,000 |
| Equipment and supplies | $20,000 - $30,000 | $25,000 |
| Operating budget | $20,000 - $30,000 | $25,000 |
| Sales and marketing budget | $5,000 - $10,000 | $7,500 |
| Total | $275,800 - $422,300 | $349,050 |
You can likely charge $7 to $10 for a round of mini golf. You can also earn revenue from other activities plus food and beverage sales. These calculations will assume that the average person will spend $12 at your course. Your profit margin should be about 30%.
In your first year or two, you might have 500 customers a week, bringing in $312,000 in revenue. This would mean $93,000 in profit, assuming that 30% margin.
As you gain traction, sales could climb to 1,000 customers a week. With annual revenue of $624,000, you’d make a tidy profit of $186,000.
The only real barrier to entry for a mini golf course is funding the startup costs.
Now that you know what’s involved in starting a mini golf course, it’s a good idea to hone your concept in preparation to enter a competitive market.
Market research could give you the upper hand even if you’ve got the perfect product. Conducting robust market research is crucial, as it will help you better understand your customers, your competitors, and the broader business landscape.
Research mini golf courses in your area to examine their services, price points, and customer reviews.
This should identify areas where you can strengthen your business and gain a competitive edge to make better business decisions.
You’re looking for a market gap to fill. For instance, maybe the local market is missing a jungle themed mini golf course or a mini golf course that sells beer.
You might consider targeting a niche, such as mini golf for families by offering other kid attractions.
This could jumpstart your word-of-mouth marketing and attract clients right away.
In addition to mini golf rounds, many mini golf courses also have arcades, axe throwing, driving ranges, or batting cages to bring in additional revenue. Of course, building those facilities would add to your startup costs, but it would bring a higher profit over time. You should also consider having a snack stand to offer beverages and snacks like hot dogs and soft pretzels.
Read how Swing ATL blends mini golf and parties & events for a winning experience.
Your prices should be based on market prices in your area, but also on your operating costs.
Once you know your costs, use our profit margin calculator to determine your mark-up and final price points. Remember, the prices you use at launch should be subject to change if warranted by the market.
Your target market will likely be mainly families, but it could be people of all ages, so you should market on both Instagram and Facebook.
You’ll need to find land to lease or buy, so you should engage with a commercial real estate agent to help you. You’ll want a location that’s convenient and near family neighborhoods. Here are some factors to consider when choosing the perfect location for your mini golf course business:
Here are some ideas for brainstorming your business name:
Once you’ve got a list of potential names, visit the website of the US Patent and Trademark Office to make sure they are available for registration and check the availability of related domain names using our Domain Name Search tool. Using “.com” or “.org” sharply increases credibility, so it’s best to focus on these.
Finally, make your choice among the names that pass this screening and go ahead and reserve your business name with your state, start the trademark registration process, and complete your domain registration and social media account creation.
Your business name is one of the key differentiators that sets your business apart. Once you pick a name, reserve it and start with the branding, it’s hard to switch to a new name. So be sure to carefully consider your choice before moving forward.
Here are the key components of a business plan:
If you’ve never created a business plan, it can be an intimidating task. You might consider hiring a business plan specialist to create a top-notch business plan for you.
Registering your business is an absolutely crucial step — it’s the prerequisite to paying taxes, raising capital, opening a bank account, and other guideposts on the road to getting a business up and running.
Plus, registration is exciting because it makes the entire process official. Once it’s complete, you’ll have your own business!
Your business location is important because it can affect taxes, legal requirements, and revenue. Most people will register their business in the state where they live, but if you are planning to expand, you might consider looking elsewhere, as some states could offer real advantages when it comes to mini golf courses.
If you’re willing to move, you could really maximize your business! Keep in mind, it’s relatively easy to transfer your business to another state.
Business entities come in several varieties, each with its pros and cons. The legal structure you choose for your mini golf course will shape your taxes, personal liability, and business registration requirements, so choose wisely.
Here are the main options:
We recommend that new business owners choose LLC as it offers liability protection and pass-through taxation while being simpler to form than a corporation. You can form an LLC in as little as five minutes using an online LLC formation service. They will check that your business name is available before filing, submit your articles of organization, and answer any questions you might have.
Choose Your State
The final step before you’re able to pay taxes is getting an Employer Identification Number, or EIN. You can file for your EIN online or by mail or fax: visit the IRS website to learn more. Keep in mind, if you’ve chosen to be a sole proprietorship you can simply use your social security number as your EIN.
Once you have your EIN, you’ll need to choose your tax year. Financially speaking, your business will operate in a calendar year (January–December) or a fiscal year, a 12-month period that can start in any month. This will determine your tax cycle, while your business structure will determine which taxes you’ll pay.
The IRS website also offers a tax-payers checklist, and taxes can be filed online.
It is important to consult an accountant or other professional to help you with your taxes to ensure you are completing them correctly.
Securing financing is your next step and there are plenty of ways to raise capital:
Bank and SBA loans are probably the best option, other than friends and family, for funding a mini golf course business. You might also try crowdfunding if you have an innovative concept.
Starting a mini golf course business requires obtaining a number of licenses and permits from local, state, and federal governments.
Federal regulations, licenses, and permits associated with starting your business include doing business as (DBA), health licenses and permits from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), trademarks, copyrights, patents, and other intellectual properties, as well as industry-specific licenses and permits.
You may also need state-level and local county or city-based licenses and permits. The license requirements and how to obtain them vary, so check the websites of your state, city, and county governments or contact the appropriate person to learn more.
You could also check this SBA guide for your state’s requirements, but we recommend using MyCorporation’s Business License Compliance Package. They will research the exact forms you need for your business and state and provide them to ensure you’re fully compliant.
This is not a step to be taken lightly, as failing to comply with legal requirements can result in hefty penalties.
If you feel overwhelmed by this step or don’t know how to begin, it might be a good idea to hire a professional to help you check all the legal boxes.
Before you start making money, you’ll need a place to keep it, and that requires opening a bank account.
Keeping your business finances separate from your personal account makes it easy to file taxes and track your company’s income, so it’s worth doing even if you’re running your mini golf course business as a sole proprietorship. Opening a business bank account is quite simple, and similar to opening a personal one. Most major banks offer accounts tailored for businesses — just inquire at your preferred bank to learn about their rates and features.
Banks vary in terms of offerings, so it’s a good idea to examine your options and select the best plan for you. Once you choose your bank, bring in your EIN (or Social Security Number if you decide on a sole proprietorship), articles of incorporation, and other legal documents and open your new account.
Business insurance is an area that often gets overlooked yet it can be vital to your success as an entrepreneur. Insurance protects you from unexpected events that can have a devastating impact on your business.
Here are some types of insurance to consider:
As opening day nears, prepare for launch by reviewing and improving some key elements of your business.
Being an entrepreneur often means wearing many hats, from marketing to sales to accounting, which can be overwhelming. Fortunately, many websites and digital tools are available to help simplify many business tasks.
You may want to use industry-specific software, such as Gatemaster, or BMI Leisure, to manage your bookings, registrations, and payments.
Website development is crucial because your site is your online presence and needs to convince prospective clients of your expertise and professionalism. You can create your own website using services like WordPress, Wix, or Squarespace. This route is very affordable, but figuring out how to build a website can be time-consuming. If you lack tech-savvy, you can hire a web designer or developer to create a custom website for your business.
Your customers are unlikely to find your website, however, unless you follow Search Engine Optimization (SEO) practices. SEO will help your website appear closer to the top in relevant search results, a crucial element for increasing sales.
Make sure that you optimize calls to action on your website. Experiment with text, color, size, and position of calls to action such as “Book Course Now”. This can sharply increase purchases.
Here are some powerful marketing strategies for your future business:
Unique selling propositions, or USPs, are the characteristics of a product or service that sets it apart from the competition. Customers today are inundated with buying options, so you’ll have a real advantage if they are able to quickly grasp how your mini golf course meets their needs or wishes. It’s wise to do all you can to ensure your USPs stand out on your website and in your marketing and promotional materials, stimulating buyer desire.
Global pizza chain Domino’s is renowned for its USP: “Hot pizza in 30 minutes or less, guaranteed.” Signature USPs for your mini golf course business could be:
You may not like to network or use personal connections for business gain. But your personal and professional networks likely offer considerable untapped business potential. Maybe that Facebook friend you met in college is now running a mini golf course business, or a LinkedIn contact of yours is connected to dozens of potential clients. Maybe your cousin or neighbor has been working in mini golf for years and can offer invaluable insight and industry connections.
The possibilities are endless, so it’s a good idea to review your personal and professional networks and reach out to those with possible links to or interest in mini golf courses. You’ll probably generate new customers or find companies with which you could establish a partnership.
You will need workers to fill various roles. Potential positions for a mini golf course business include:
At some point, you may need to hire all of these positions or simply a few, depending on the size and needs of your business. You might also hire multiple workers for a single role or a single worker for multiple roles, again depending on need.
Free-of-charge methods to recruit employees include posting ads on popular platforms such as LinkedIn, Facebook, or Jobs.com. You might also consider a premium recruitment option, such as advertising on Indeed, Glassdoor, or ZipRecruiter. Further, if you have the resources, you could consider hiring a recruitment agency to help you find talent.
Mini golf courses are making a big comeback since the pandemic, as people want to get out and enjoy activities. Now could be the perfect time to start your own mini golf course to help your community have fun and to get in on a rebounding industry.
Now that you understand how the business works, you’re ready to find a property and get your successful mini golf course running!
A mini golf course can be a profitable business if well-managed and attracts a steady stream of customers. Profitability depends on factors such as location, pricing, marketing efforts, competition, and customer experience. Most see a return on investment in one to three years.
During a typical day at a mini golf course, customers arrive and register at a counter or booth where they pay for their round. They are provided with putters, balls, and scorecards. Customers then play through the course, navigating obstacles and challenges. Staff members are available to assist and ensure smooth operations. Regular maintenance and landscaping are carried out, and some courses offer additional amenities such as concessions, seating areas, or party facilities.
The growth potential of a mini golf course depends on factors like location, local demographics, competition, and demand for recreational activities. Effective marketing, good maintenance, and expanding offerings can contribute to growth.
A mini golf course is a leisure and entertainment business within the recreational industry. It caters to individuals, families, friends, and groups seeking an enjoyable and relaxed activity. Additional services like party hosting, event rentals, concessions, and merchandise sales may also be provided.
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This was super helpful, easy to understand, and took a lot of the fear out of the unknown! I will be utilizing this a lot and referring back to it along my journey, thank you!