Carolyn Young is a business writer who focuses on entrepreneurial concepts and the business formation. She has over 25 years of experience in business roles, and has authored several entrepreneurship textbooks.
David has been writing and learning about business, finance and globalization for a quarter-century, starting with a small New York consulting firm in the 1990s.
Published on October 29, 2021
Fast Facts
Investment range
$133,700 - $346,300
Revenue potential
$1.3 million - $3.6 million p.a.
Time to build
3-6 months
Profit potential
$80,000 - $210,000 p.a.
Industry trend
Stable
Commitment
Full-time
Here are the most important things you need to know if you want to open a restaurant:
Type —Decide on the kind of restaurant you want to open. Consider niches such as ethnic cuisines, farm-to-table, vegan and vegetarian, seafood, and others.
Permits and licenses —You will need a food service license issued by the city or county health department and a liquor license if you plan to serve beer, wine, or spirits.
Location —Find a location that’s easily accessible and visible to potential customers. Make sure there is enough parking space.
Equipment —Invest in high-quality kitchen equipment, refrigeration units, ovens, and dishwashers.
Interior design —Choose a theme or concept that aligns with your brand identity and target audience. Plan a good seating layout and add counters and bar areas to maximize space.
Staff —Hire professional chefs, servers, managers, hosts, and cleaning crew.
Ingredient sourcing —Find reputable suppliers for fresh ingredients.
Starting a restaurant requires time and effort. Before you jump in, you need to fully understand what is involved before you decide if a restaurant is right for you. You will be taking a significant risk, so educating yourself is critical before deciding to develop and launch your business.
Pros and Cons
Every business has its advantages and disadvantages, which you would be wise to weigh before moving forward.
Pros
Following your passion and using your chef skills
Creativity and self-expression
People like to eat out, so demand is constant
You can control your financial future
Cons
Restaurant competition can be intense
Marketing is necessary to build a customer base
Building name recognition takes time
Long workdays and late hours
Restaurant Industry Trends
The pandemic had a huge impact on the restaurant industry, due to shutdowns and stay-at-home orders, but it has been recovering and growing in the post-COVID landscape.
Restaurant startup costs range from around $80,000 to open a coffee shop, to more than half a million to open a high-end dining destination. The largest investment is building out the space that you rent or buy. If you rent a smaller space that needs a little renovation, you can significantly cut your costs.
You’ll need several key items to open your restaurant, starting with:
The restaurant space — your largest expense
Kitchen equipment
Furniture and tableware
Bar equipment
Dishwashing equipment
Storage equipment
Point-of-sale (POS) system
Start-up Costs
Ballpark Range
Average
Setting up a business name and corporation
$200–$200
$200
Licenses and permits
$200–$300
$250
Insurance
$100–$500
$300
Business cards and brochures
$200–$300
$250
Website setup
$1,000–$3,000
$2,000
Initial marketing budget
$5,000–$20,000
$12,500
Lease security deposit or down payment for space
$2,000–$12,000
$7,000
Space preparation
$50,000–$100,000
$75,000
Kitchen and cooking equipment
$50,000–$150,000
$100,000
Furniture and tableware
$20,000–$50,000
$35,000
POS system
$5,000–$10,000
$7,500
Total
$133,700–$346,300
$240,000
How Much Can You Earn From a Restaurant?
Your profit will vary depending on:
Customer numbers
Expenses and menu prices
The size of your space
The average profit margin for a restaurant is 3–5% for full-service restaurants and 6–9% for fast-casual restaurants, according to restaurant software firm Restaurant365. Restaurant industry advisory One the Line puts the average monthly revenue for a restaurant in its first year at just over $110,000. This would give you an annual revenue of $1.32 million. At a profit margin of 6%, for example, you will net about $80,000.
As your brand gains recognition and repeat customers, you may see $300,000 in monthly revenue, giving you an annual revenue of $3.6 million. If you can maintain your profit margin at 6%, your net profit will be more than $210,000. Not a bad haul!
There are several barriers to entry for a restaurant. Your biggest challenges will be:
Standing out from the competition
High start-up costs
Finding a unique and appealing concept
Step 2: Hone Your Idea
Now that you know what is involved in starting a restaurant, it’s best to hone your idea before entering this highly competitive market.
Market research will give you the upper hand, even if you’re already positive that you have a perfect product or service. Conducting market research is important, because it can help you understand your customers better, who your competitors are, and your business landscape.
Why? Identify an Opportunity
One good way to stand out from the competition is to research your local market and identify a gap. What type or style of restaurant is missing in your area?
You might also begin to develop a handful of signature dishes, which you could make for family and friends to draw feedback.
This way you could start marketing your menu even before you open.
You could start your marketing by posting photos of your dishes on social media and announcing your menu and planned opening date.
What? Determine Your Dishes/Menu
Make a list of all the dishes that fit into your concept and narrow it down to the best of the best. Determine if you want to offer certain dishes as specials on certain days of the week or periodically. Your menu is crucial to your success, so it’s a good idea to make it as strong as possible right off the bat. Even so, you should be willing to change it if it’s not working.
How Much Should You Charge for Your Dishes?
Prices will depend on the style of restaurant you choose and the dishes on offer. You may choose to open a value-based restaurant with lower prices, or a perceived value restaurant with premium prices for higher-end dishes. Perceived value means that customers perceive that they are getting a premium product that is worth paying more for.
Research restaurants in your area to learn more about pricing in your market. Once you know your costs, you can use our profit margin calculator to determine your mark up and final price points. Remember, the prices you use at launch should be subject to change if warranted by the market.
Who? Identify Your Target Market
Your target market will depend on the type of restaurant you plan to open. For example, a pop-up restaurant is different from a regular restaurant in that it operates temporarily in various locations with a unique concept or theme. It features a limited menu and provides a platform for experimentation and innovation in the culinary world. It’s a good idea to try to appeal to as many people as possible.
After you get started, word-of-mouth referrals will be your biggest source of business.
Where? Choose a Restaurant Location
Restaurant location is critical, whether you are buying or leasing. You can find commercial space to rent in your area on sites such as Craigslist, Crexi, and Instant Offices.
Start by defining your target audience and researching the market to identify areas with a high concentration of potential customers and the right balance between supply and demand for your type of restaurant. Consider the demographics of the location, nearby competition, and the overall atmosphere of the neighborhood.
A safe, vibrant, and accessible area with good visibility, parking, and proximity to public transportation or attractions will make it more attractive to customers.
When assessing potential locations, keep your budget and space requirements in mind. The size and layout of the space should accommodate your restaurant concept, seating capacity, kitchen, storage, and restrooms while meeting local building codes and regulations.
Ensure the location is within your budget, taking into account costs like lease or purchase price, utilities, taxes, insurance, and renovations.
Finally, look for a location with growth potential, as this will provide you with opportunities to expand or adapt your business over time.
Step 3: Brainstorm a Restaurant Name
Your business name is your business identity, so choose one that encapsulates your objectives, services, and mission in just a few words.
You probably want a name that is short and easy to remember, since much of your business, and your initial business in particular, will come from word-of-mouth referrals.
Here are some suggestions for brainstorming your business name:
Short, unique, and catchy names tend to stand out
Names that are easy to say and spell tend to do better
The name should be relevant to your product or service offerings
Ask around — family, friends, colleagues, social media — for name suggestions
Including keywords in the name, such as “restaurant” or “tavern,” boosts SEO
Choose a name that allows for expansion: “Taste Buds Unlimited” rather than “BBQ Junction” or “Burger Bistro”
A location-based name can help establish a strong connection with your local community and help with the SEO but might hinder future expansion
Discover over 440 unique restaurant name ideas here. If you want your business name to include specific keywords, you can also use our restaurant business name generator. Just type in a few keywords, hit Generate, and you’ll have dozens of suggestions at your fingertips.
Once you’ve got a list of potential names, visit the US Patent and Trademark Office website to make sure those names are available for registration. Also, check the availability of related domain names using our Domain Name Search tool below. Using “.com” or “.org” sharply increases credibility, so it’s best to focus on these.
Finally, make your choice among the names that pass this screening and go ahead with domain registration and social media account creation. Your business name is one of the key differentiators that sets your business apart. Once you pick your company name and start with the branding, it is hard to change the business name. Therefore, it’s important to carefully consider your choice before you start a business entity.
Every business needs a plan, a rough outline that helps guide a startup through the launch process while maintaining focus on key goals. A business plan is also crucial for helping potential partners and investors understand your company and vision.
Executive summary — A brief, high-level overview of your restaurant business plan, summarizing the most important aspects and goals
Business overview — An introduction to your restaurant, including its name, location, and concept
Product and services — Details about the food, drinks, and services your restaurant will offer, including any unique or specialty items
Market analysis — Information about the target market, including demographics, preferences, and trends in the restaurant industry
Competitive analysis — Analysis of competing restaurants in your area, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses
Sales and marketing — Your strategies for attracting and retaining customers, including advertising, promotions, and customer relationship management
Management team — Introductions to the key individuals responsible for running the restaurant and their relevant experience
Operations plan — An outline of day-to-day operations, including hours of operation, staffing, and supplier relationships
Financial plan — Financial projections, including startup costs, revenue forecasts, and a break-even analysis
Appendix — Supporting documents and additional information, such as resumes, market research, and legal documents
If you’ve never created a business plan, it can be an intimidating task. You might consider hiring a business plan specialist to create a top-notch business plan for you.
Step 5: Register Your Business
Registering your business is an absolutely crucial step — it’s the prerequisite to paying taxes, raising capital, opening a bank account, and other guideposts on the road to getting a business up and running.
Plus, registration is exciting because it makes the entire process official. Once it’s complete, you’ll have your own business!
Choose Where to Register Your Company
Your business location is important because it can affect taxes, legal requirements, and revenue. Most people will register their business in the state where they live, but if you are planning to expand, you might consider looking elsewhere, as some states could offer real advantages when it comes to restaurants.
If you’re willing to move, you could really maximize your business! Keep in mind that it’s relatively easy to transfer your business to another state.
Choose Your Business Structure
Business entities come in several varieties, each with its pros and cons. The legal structure you choose for your restaurant will shape your taxes, personal liability, and business registration requirements, so choose wisely.
Here are the main options:
Sole proprietorship — The most common structure for small businesses makes no legal distinction between company and owner. All income goes to the owner, who’s also liable for any debts, losses, or liabilities incurred by the business. The owner pays taxes on business income on his or her personal tax return.
General partnership — Similar to a sole proprietorship, but for two or more people. Again, owners keep the profits and are liable for losses. The partners pay taxes on their share of business income on their personal tax returns.
Limited Liability Company (LLC) — Combines the characteristics of corporations with those of sole proprietorships or partnerships. Again, the owners are not personally liable for debts.
C Corporation — Under this structure, the business is a distinct legal entity and the owner or owners are not personally liable for its debts. Owners take profits through shareholder dividends, rather than directly. The corporation pays taxes, and owners pay taxes on their dividends, which is sometimes referred to as double taxation.
S Corporation — This refers to the tax classification of the business but is not a business entity. An S Corp can be either a corporation or an LLC, which just needs to elect to be an S Corp for tax status. In this structure, income is passed through directly to shareholders, who pay taxes on their share of business income on their personal tax returns.
We recommend that new business owners choose LLC as it offers liability protection and pass-through taxation while being simpler to form than a corporation. You can form an LLC in as little as five minutes using an online LLC formation service. They will check that your business name is available before filing, submit your articles of organization, and answer any questions you might have.
The final step before you’re able to pay taxes is getting an Employer Identification Number or EIN. You can file for your EIN online, or by mail/fax. Visit the IRS website to learn more. Keep in mind that, if you’ve chosen to be a sole proprietorship, you can simply use your social security number as your EIN.
Once you have your EIN, you’ll need to choose your tax year. Financially speaking, your business will operate in a calendar year (January–December) or a fiscal year, a 12-month period that can start in any month. This will determine your tax cycle, while your business structure will determine which taxes you’ll pay.
The IRS website also offers a tax-payers checklist, and taxes can be filed online.
It is important to consult an accountant or other professional to help you with your taxes to ensure you are completing them correctly.
Step 7: Fund Your Business
Securing financing is your next step, and it’s a crucial one for a fledgling restaurant. There are plenty of ways to raise capital.
Bank loans — This is the most common method, but getting approved requires a rock-solid business plan and a strong credit history.
SBA-guaranteed loans — The Small Business Administration can act as a guarantor, helping gain that elusive bank approval via an SBA-guaranteed loan.
Government grants — A handful of financial assistance programs help fund entrepreneurs. Visit Grants.gov to learn which might work for you.
Venture capital — Offer potential investors an ownership stake in exchange for funds, keeping in mind that you would be sacrificing some control over your business.
Friends and family — Reach out to friends and family to provide a business loan or investment in your concept. It’s a good idea to have legal advice when doing so because SEC regulations apply.
Crowdfunding —Websites like Kickstarter and Indiegogo offer an increasingly popular low-risk option, in which donors fund your vision. Entrepreneurial crowdfunding sites like Fundable and WeFunder enable multiple investors to fund your business.
Personal — Self-fund your business via your savings or the sale of property or other assets.
Bank and SBA loans are probably the best options, other than friends and family, for funding a restaurant business. You might also try crowdfunding if you have an innovative concept.
Step 8: Apply for Restaurant Business Licenses and Permits
Starting a restaurant requires obtaining a number of licenses and permits from local, state, and federal governments.
Federal regulations, licenses, and permits associated with starting a vending machine business may include doing business as (DBA), health license and permits from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), trademarks, copyrights, patents and other intellectual properties, as well as industry-specific licenses and permits.
A restaurant may need the following, depending on the requirements in your area:
Foodservice license
Food handler’s permit
Building health permit
Liquor license
You may also need state-level and local county or city-based licenses and permits. The license requirements and how to obtain them vary, so check the websites of your state, city, and county governments or contact the appropriate person to learn more.
You could also check this SBA guide for your state’s requirements, but we recommend using MyCorporation’s Business License Compliance Package. They will research the exact forms you need for your business and state and provide them to ensure you’re fully compliant.
This is not a step to be taken lightly, as failing to comply with legal requirements can result in hefty penalties.
If you feel overwhelmed by this step or don’t know how to begin, it might be a good idea to hire a professional to help you check all the legal boxes.
Before you start making money, you’ll need a place to keep it, and that requires opening a bank account.
Keeping your business finances separate from your personal account makes it easy to file taxes and track your company’s income, so it’s worth doing even if you’re running your restaurant business as a sole proprietorship. Opening a business bank account is quite simple, and similar to opening a personal one. Most major banks offer accounts tailored for businesses — just inquire at your preferred bank to learn about their rates and features.
Banks vary in terms of offerings, so it’s a good idea to examine your options and select the best plan for you. Once you choose your bank, bring in your EIN (or Social Security Number if you decide on a sole proprietorship), articles of incorporation, and other legal documents and open your new account.
Step 10: Get Business Insurance
Business insurance is an area that often gets overlooked but is vital to your success as a restaurateur. Insurance protects you from unexpected events that can have a devastating impact on your life and business.
Here are some of the different types of insurance to consider:
General liability — The most comprehensive type of insurance, acting as a catch-all for many business elements that require coverage. If you get just one kind of insurance, this is it. It even protects against bodily injury and property damage.
Business property — Provides coverage for your equipment and supplies.
Equipment breakdown insurance — Covers the cost of replacing or repairing equipment that has broken due to mechanical issues.
Worker’s compensation — Provides compensation to employees injured on the job.
Property — Covers your physical space, whether it is a cart, storefront, or office.
Commercial auto — Protection for your company-owned vehicle.
Professional liability — Protects against claims from a client who says they suffered a loss due to an error or omission in your work.
Business owner’s policy (BOP) — This is an insurance plan that acts as an all-in-one insurance policy, a combination of any of the above insurance types.
As opening day nears, prepare for launch by reviewing and improving some key elements of your business.
Essential Software and Tools
Being a restaurateur means wearing many hats, from marketing to sales to accounting, which can be overwhelming. Fortunately, a number of excellent websites and digital tools can help you with many business tasks.
You may want to use industry-specific software, such as Restaurant365, lightspeed, and toast, which offer professional guidance on building your menu, optimal floor plans, cost-saving staff scheduling, and much more.
In the modern culinary landscape, integrating a food delivery app into your restaurant business is a crucial step towards reaching more customers and boosting sales. This digital platform will allow customers to browse your menu, place orders, and pay securely from the comfort of their homes, providing a convenient and efficient dining solution.
Popular web-based accounting programs for smaller businesses include Quickbooks, FreshBooks, and Xero.
If you are unfamiliar with basic accounting, you may want to hire a professional, especially as you begin. The consequences of filing incorrect tax documents can be harsh, so accuracy is crucial.
Before you start designing and developing your website, you should have a clear idea about what you want to achieve with it. Start by defining your target audience and deciding on the main features your website should have. These could include an online menu, an online booking system, a gallery of images, a blog, a map with your location, contact information, and social media links.
Choosing the Right Platform
There are several platforms that you can use to build your website. Here are a few options:
WordPress — A popular content management system that provides great flexibility and scalability. This platform is highly customizable and has many plugins, like WooCommerce for online ordering or a booking plugin for reservations.
Once you’ve chosen a platform, it’s time to start designing and developing your website. This could involve using a template from your chosen platform and customizing it to your needs, or hiring a professional web designer if you want a completely unique website.
Key pages you’ll want to include are:
Homepage — This is the first page visitors will see. It should give an overview of your restaurant and link to other parts of your site.
Menu page — This should contain your full menu with descriptions and prices. Adding high-quality photos can also be beneficial.
Booking page — This should include a booking form for customers to reserve a table. Many website platforms support plugins or integrations with online booking systems.
Contact page — Here, you provide your address, phone number, email, and perhaps a contact form. Including a map can help customers find your location easily.
About page — Tell the story of your restaurant, your team, and your culinary philosophy. This helps to build a personal connection with your customers.
Gallery page — This is where you can showcase high-quality images of your dishes and the interior and exterior of your restaurant.
Blog/News page — You can use this to keep your customers informed about events, special deals, new menu items, and more.
Search Engine Optimization (SEO)
For SEO in the restaurant business, you should start by conducting keyword research, targeting terms relevant to your cuisine and location.
Testing
Before launching your website, test it thoroughly to ensure all the links work, the booking system functions correctly, and the site loads properly on different devices and browsers.
Website Maintenance
Once your site is live, you need to keep it updated with new content, such as blog posts, menu updates, and news. Regularly check to ensure that all functionalities are working as they should.
Marketing
Here are some powerful marketing strategies for your future business:
Optimized website and SEO — Fine-tune your website’s SEO to enhance visibility and optimize key calls to action like Reserve Now.
Social media integration — Leverage platforms like Facebook and Instagram for targeted advertising and audience engagement.
Local SEO — Regularly update your Google My Business and Yelp profiles to strengthen your local search presence.
Email personalization — Segment your email list to provide tailored content and promotions, enhancing customer connection.
Interactive competitions — Conduct contests and giveaways to increase customer engagement and interaction.
Video marketing — Create engaging or humorous videos about your restaurant to boost sharing and visibility.
Influencer partnerships — Partner with influencers to extend your reach and enhance brand credibility.
Community involvement — Participate in local events and causes to showcase your commitment to the community.
Loyalty programs — Develop a rewards program to incentivize repeat customers and frequent visits.
Customer feedback systems — Implement feedback loops to continually adapt and improve based on customer input.
Event sponsorship — Gain visibility by sponsoring events that align with your restaurant’s audience and values.
Visual merchandising — Utilize compelling signage and visual displays to attract attention both in-store and online.
Unique selling propositions, or USPs, are the characteristics of a product or service that set it apart from the competition. Customers today are inundated with buying options, so you’ll have a real advantage if they are able to quickly grasp how your restaurant meets their needs or wishes. It’s wise to do all you can to ensure your USPs stand out on your website and in your marketing and promotional materials, stimulating buyer desire.
Global pizza chain Domino’s is renowned for its USP: “Hot pizza in 30 minutes or less, guaranteed.” Signature USPs for your restaurant business could be:
Creative menu with signature items
Farm-to-table concept
Vegetarian and vegan-focused menu
Unique atmosphere, perhaps with a strong theme
Networking
You may not like to network or use personal connections for business gain but your personal and professional networks likely offer considerable untapped business potential. Maybe that Facebook friend you met in college is now running a restaurant, or a LinkedIn contact of yours is connected to dozens of potential clients. Maybe your cousin or neighbor has been working in restaurants for years and can offer invaluable insight and industry connections.
The possibilities are endless, so it’s a good idea to review your personal and professional networks and reach out to those with possible links to or interest in restaurants. You’ll probably generate new customers or find companies with which you could establish a partnership. Online businesses might also consider affiliate marketing as a way to build relationships with potential partners and boost business.
Step 12: Build Your Team
No matter the size of your space, you will need to hire a number of employees for various job roles. Potential restaurant employees include:
General manager
Waitstaff, host, bartender
Kitchen staff, from cooks to dishwashers and busboys
Marketing lead
At some point, you may need to hire all of these positions or simply a few, depending on the size and needs of your business. You might also hire multiple workers for a single role or a single worker for multiple roles, again depending on need.
Free-of-charge methods to recruit employees include posting ads on popular platforms such as LinkedIn, Facebook, or Jobs.com. You might also consider a premium recruitment option, such as advertising on Indeed, Glassdoor, or ZipRecruiter. Further, if you have the resources, you could consider hiring a recruitment agency to help you find talent.
Before fully launching a restaurant, conducting a soft opening is a strategic step that is often considered vital. It acts as a live rehearsal for staff, allows for real-time fine-tuning of operations, and serves as a platform to collect valuable customer feedback.
Additionally, it can initiate word-of-mouth marketing, fostering anticipation for the grand opening and establishing early customer relationships. Overall, a soft opening helps pave the way for the long-term success of the restaurant.
Restaurant industry performance tends to follow that of the broader economy because dining out is a discretionary expense that declines during economic downturns. Competition in the industry is intense. You can stay ahead of the competition by specializing in certain dishes or introducing a unique concept to create a niche market for yourself. This will jumpstart your word-of-mouth marketing within your niche market. You can continue to add to and refine your menu as you go.
You’re now ready for your entrepreneurial journey to become a successful restaurant owner. You might want to bookmark this page, just in case.
FAQs
Which types of restaurants are both popular and profitable?
Popular and profitable restaurant types include fast-casual, ethnic, farm-to-table, fine dining, and specialty establishments.
Can I open a restaurant with no experience?
Of course you can, but you will need to do your homework so you know the nuts and bolts of running a restaurant. It would also be wise to get advice and insight from other restaurant owners and to hire an experienced general manager.
How hard is it to open a restaurant?
Starting a restaurant requires hard work and involves several challenges such as creating an appealing concept, managing a venue, buying inventory, preparing and serving food, and handling staff. It’s essential to thoroughly research all aspects before starting.
Are restaurants profitable?
Yes, restaurants are profitable, but they have low profit margins. In general, restaurants with strong branding, unique concepts, efficient operations, good customer service, and effective marketing tend to be more profitable. A restaurant’s profitability also depends on its ability to control costs, including food and labor costs, and manage inventory effectively.
What makes the most profit in a restaurant?
Generally, high-margin items like specialty dishes, signature creations, and premium menu offerings tend to contribute to higher profits. Additionally, beverages, desserts, and alcoholic beverages often have higher profit margins compared to main course items.
How do I create an effective marketing strategy for my restaurant?
Identify the demographic and psychographic characteristics of your ideal customers. Understand their preferences, dining habits, and factors that influence their restaurant choices.Determine what sets your restaurant apart from competitors. Focus on your unique strengths, whether it’s the cuisine, ambiance, service, location, or other distinguishing factors. Use this as the foundation for your marketing messages.
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